History

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Nanjing City Wall is a model of the combination of Chinese ritual system and nature, as well as an outstanding representative of the ancient capital construction.

Construction history

The Six Dynasties (222–589) , the capital of Dongwu was built in Stone City.
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Nanjing Ming City Wall was built from 1366 to 1393.
The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) repaired the damaged walls and built more gates.
The Republic of China (1912-1949) caused damage to some of the city walls in 1937.
Contemporary (1949-present) Nanjing City Wall and Moat Section are effectively protected.

Form

The Nanjing City Wall is composed of palace city, imperial city, capital city and outer city walls from the inside out, which not only reflects the supreme status of the Nanjing City Wall but also a classic work in the building history of ancient city in China and abroad.

City gate

Jubao Gate

Jubao Gate, presently called Zhonghua Gate, is on the south city wall. It is located in the traffic fort of the south Nanjing City, with outer Qinhuai River in front and inner Qinhuai River behind, and is run through by Changgan Bridge and Zhenhuai Bridge in the south and north sides It is the south gate of Nanjing city and most well protected gate among 13 gates in Ming Dynasty and it is also the most magnificent, delicately designed and of the most complex structure.
Shicheng Gate

Shicheng Gate, also known as Hanxi Gate, is located on the south-central the west city wall. The top of the gate is 37 meters in length and 32 meters in width (including the thickness of battlement). There were two barbicans in Shicheng Gate, of a rectangular layout. The gate of the inner barbican and main gate is in the same line in west-east direction, and it is an arch shape masonry structure. The gate and part of the barbicans are preserved till now.
Qingliang Gate

Qingliang Gate, once called Qingjiang gate, was located in the Shitou City Relic Park, near Qingliang Gate Bridge. There is one barbican in Qingliang Gate, which was the smallest inner barbican on Nanjing City Wall in the Ming Dynasty. The barbican is in a semi-circle shape, with a diameter of 40 meters high in the east and low in the west. The barbican gate is close to the inner wall of the city wall, facing the south.
Shence Gate

Shence Gate, presently called Heping Gate, is on the center of the east end of North Wall, facing the south. There is one barbican outside of the gate, and the barbican has two gates, which were not in the same line with the main city gate, and the structure is unique among the barbican gates of 13 gates of the Capital of Nanjing. Now, a pair of gates were left, with 3 meters in width, 6 meters in height and 0. 18 meters in thickness.
Fengrun Gate

Fengrun Gate was built in the Late Qing Dynasty (AD 1909),facing the east.In July of the 17th year of the Republic of China (AD 1928),it was renamed as "Xuanwu Gate", whichi has been used till now.
Zhongshan Gate

Zhongshan Gate is located in the former site of the Chaoyang Gate of the Capital of the Ming Dynasty. It faces the east and is a three-hole arched gate and the arch in the middle is 10 meters in width and 10.5 meters in height. The arched gates on the two sides are 8 meters in width and 9.5 meters in height The arch thickness is 3m. The depth of the gate is 15 meters and the auxiliary rooms on the south and north of the three-hole arched gate are 7 meters in width.

Moat system

City Moat System

The moat System of Nanjing City Wall has a perimeter of 31,159 meters,a width of 0-334 meters,and a depth of 2-4 meters.It is the longest moat of city wall in the world and is still well preserved.Nanjing City Wall City Moat System is mostly converted from natural water systems.The main sources of water are Qinhuai River in the south and east of the city,Jinchuan River in the north of the city,Xuanwu Lake,and the catchment of mountains of the south of Zhongshan Mountain.The water eventually flows into the Yangtze River through the moat water.

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